|
Ian A. Parker (born 1956) is a British psychologist who has been a principal exponent of three quite diverse critical traditions inside the discipline. His writing has provided compass points for researchers searching for alternatives to 'mainstream' psychology in the English-speaking world (that is, mainstream psychology that is based on laboratory-experimental studies that reduce behaviour to individual mental processes). The three critical traditions Parker has promoted are 'discursive analysis', 'Marxist psychology' and 'psychoanalysis'. Each of these traditions is adapted by him to encourage an attention to ideology and power, and this modification has given rise to fierce debates, not only from mainstream psychologists but also from other 'critical psychologists'. Parker moves in his writing from one focus to another, and it seems as if he is not content with any particular tradition of research, using each of the different critical traditions to throw the others into question. Parker is a practising Lacanian psychoanalyst, an analyst member of the Centre for Freudian Analysis and Research, works with the Research Institute for Health and Social Change at Manchester Metropolitan University and is involved in editing over a dozen academic journals. ==Discursive analysis== Discursive analysis appears in his earliest writing, which is focused on the 'crisis' in laboratory-experimental social psychology during the 1960s through to the 1980s. In his first book, ''The Crisis in Modern Social Psychology, and How to End It'' (1989), Parker uses structuralist and post-structuralist theories to disrupt the claims that psychologists make to speak a professional expert 'truth' about human psychology. Toward the end of the book he moves beyond the 'turn to language' in social psychology to a 'turn to discourse', and this, he argues, will enable critical researchers to treat psychology itself as a set of discourses or stories about people rather than as things that are universally true. Analyses of 'psychologisation' are then necessary to critical discursive work. This argument is taken forward in ''Discourse Dynamics: Critical Analysis for Social and Individual Psychology'' (1992), but now there is a discussion of the relationship between discourse and reality, and at this point Parker seems to think that ‘critical realism' might be helpful to avoid problems with 'relativism' in the social sciences. He returns to these issues ten years later in ''Critical Discursive Psychology'' (2002), but by this time he is pessimistic about the critical potential of a purely discursive approach. He prefers the term 'discursive practice'. His book on methodology, ''Qualitative Psychology: Introducing Radical Research'' (2005) includes a new version of discourse analysis that attempts to break down the divisions between the researcher and those they study. Critical responses and commentaries on the impact of Ian Parker’s work on discourse analysis have often focused on what is seen as a reification of ‘discourse’. His conceptual work on discourse has been criticised on this basis from a traditional social psychological position (e.g., Abrams and Hogg, 1990) and from a 'discursive' position (e.g., Potter et al., 1990; Potter et al., 1999). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ian Parker (psychologist)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|